مجله سلامت جامعه
سال سیزدهم شماره 1 (بهار 1398)

Obesity as one of the major problems in developing societies is associated with eating disorder and rumination. One way to reduce psychological problems among obese people is to use schema therapy. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of schema therapy on eating and rumination disorders among obese adolescent girls in Ahvaz. The present study employed a quasi-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design with the control group. The research population included high school obese adolescent female students in Ahvaz in the qcdemic year 2018-2019. The research sample consisted of 50 students who were selected using availablilty sampling technique and were randomly placed into two equal groups. The members of the experimental group participated in 10 schema therapysessions, each lasting 70 minutes, while the control group didn’t receive any treatment. The data were collected by administering eating disorder and rumination disorder questionnaires and analyzed by the paired and independent samples t-tests and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). The results showed that there was no significant difference between the participants in the experimental and control groups in terms of eating disorder and rumination in the pre-intervention phase. However, the two groups showed significant differences in terms of both variables upon the completion of the intervention. In other words, schema therapy led to a significant decrease in the eating disorder (F=73.246, p<0.001) and rumination (F=81.116, p<0.001) of obese adolescent girls. Based on the results, counselors and therapists are recommended to use schema therapy along with other treatment techniques to reduce eating disorder and rumination of obese adolescent girls.

Exercise intervention is associated with improvement of renal function indices. This effect is not exclusive to renal patients as it also improves the functioning of the kidneys in healthy people, especially athletes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 12-week pleomometric training program on creatinine and uric acid in young male bodybuilders who consumed whey protein. This quasi-experimental study was carried out using a pre-test and post-test design. The research population consisted of young male bodybuilders living in Tehran, who regularly consumed protein in their exercises. The research sample included 22 bodybuilders who were randomly selected and divided into two experimental and control groups each with eleven members. The collected data were analyzed using the independent and paired samples t-test at the significance level of p≤0.05. In the experimental group, the plyometric intervention led to a significant decrease in creatinine. The post-test results showed that creatinine level in the experimental group was significantly lower compared to the control group (p<0.001). A comparison of the pre- and post-test results did not show a significant difference in uric acid due to the plyometric intervention in the experimental group. Besides, the post-test results showed no significant difference between experimental and control groups in terms of uric acid (p= 0.976). The plyometric exercises decreased creatinine and improved the kidney function in bodybuilders who used abnormal levels of protein supplements. According to the findings, it can be suggested that athletes who take high doses of protein supplements during plyometric exercises are less exposed to kidney damage.

In recent years, paying attention to the foundation of families and the factors affecting it has been taken into consideration. In this regard, this study was carried out with the aim of examining the effectiveness of emotionally focused couple therapy (EFT) in reducing couples’ marital burnout and women’s body image. This quasi-experimental study has a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The current study had a statistical sample constituting of all couples referring to Hamdelan Consulting Center in Zahedan in 2017. Twenty couples were selected using a convenience sampling method. They were then randomly assigned to the experimental group or the control group. Measurement tools were Pines Couple Burnout Measure (1996) and Cash Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (1997). The experimental group received 15 sessions of the emotionally focused couple therapy; however, the control group did not receive such a training. After carrying out the intervention, the data were gathered and analyzed using a multivariate analysis of covariance. Results of the multivariate analysis of covariance showed that the emotionally focused couple therapy was effective in reducing physical burnout (F=16.82), mental burnout (F=11.81), couple’s emotional burnout (F=61.74) as well as appearance evaluation (F=39.09), appearance orientation (F=196.71), and women’s physical satisfaction (F=4.05) (p<0.05). However, results indicated that the emotionally focused couple therapy did not affect fitness evaluation (F=0.25), fitness orientation (F=1.02), and women’s body weight (F=0.84) (p>0.05). Given the results of the current study and the research background, the emotionally focused couple therapy can be recommended as an efficient interventional method to reduce couples’ marital burnout and improve women’s body image.

Social life skills include a group of skills necessary for coping with the situations and challenges of everyday life and equipping individuals in terms of knowledge, attitude, and behavior against returning to addiction. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the role of social life skills in the Durable treatment of addiction in Kashan. This study used a combined method, and the statistical population included the three groups of therapists and researchers in the field of addiction, people succeeded in beating drug addiction and their families, as well as drug addiction patients in Kashan in 2018. A stratified purposeful sampling method was used, where 31 individuals were selected in a qualitative section, and 343 individuals in the quantitative section as the sample. The data collection technique was a semi-focused interview; in addition, the standard questionnaire of life skills and the data were analyzed using variance analysis (F) and the Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The lack of functional life skills in pre-drug addiction period created a context for addiction, and when it came to the drug use, it created an area for continued drug addiction. After starting to leave the drug, learning these skills led to a lasting improvement in the treatment and empowerment of the improved people. In addition, those in the state of constant withdrawal had more life skills (p=0.001), and increasing the life skills of the individuals improved their sustainability (p= 0.001).
If individuals have skills, such as decision-making skills, not speaking, expressing, communicating, etc., or taking part in a skill-building program during a course of treatment, they will be more successful in leaving addiction.

Due to the growing trend of overweight and obesity in the employees, and since training is one of the major principles of human resource development and preparedness, this research is conducted to determine the effects of exercise and diet training based on training booklets and virtual networks on the body mass index in the employees. This research was a semi-experimental interventional study with 135 male employees working at petrochemical centers, southern Iran. To this end, they were divided randomly into the three groups of the training booklet, virtual networks, and control. A demographic questionnaire containing 10 items for personal and work characteristics, along with the measurements of height, weight, and BMI was obtained from all samples. In the group of the training booklet, five instruction booklets with contents on appropriate nutrition and physical activities were provided; the group of virtual networks received 48 educational messages, and the control group received no intervention. Data were analyzed by the Chi-square test, the paired t-test, and ANOVA. The results showed that there were not any significant differences between the three groups before and after the training in demographic variables and the body mass index (p<0.05). The mean of BMI decreased in all educational groups, but it was significant only in the virtual network group (p<0.05). The results also showed that exercise and diet trainings before and after the training intervention were not significant in any of the groups (p<0.05). The results of this study showed that exercise and diet training on telegram could be done cautiously due to the characteristics of the target society; this method is recommended for reducing the body mass index of the employees, with the application of which recommended for the weight control of the employees.

 Sexual abuse is one of the most important threats to the health of girls in the world. Life skills are personal and social skills that help teens perform better toward themselves and other people by learning them. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of life skills training on general health and the assertiveness of sexually abused girls.

 This study was an educational trial with a pre-test, a post-test and a follow up with a control group. The statistical population of the study was girls with an experience of sexual harassment in Tehran in the year 2018. A total of 40 people were selected through available sampling and were assigned to each of the experimental (20 subjects) and the control (20 subjects) groups. Data were collected using a general health scale and a dare scale. In the experimental group, life skills training was conducted in a total of nine sessions, with two sessions every week, each session lasting 120 minutes. After finishing the training, both groups received a post-test, and two months later the follow-up was done. Data were analyzed using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA.

 The results of this study showed that life skills training has a significant positive effect on psychological general health (F=3.59, p=0.014 and Eta=0.22) and adolescent girls' sexual abuse (F=4.32. p=0.001 and Eta=0.26). The experimental group has a positive and significant effect on the post-test and follow up stages.

 Life skills training can improve the adolescent girls' juvenile behavior and control the psychological symptoms of sexual abuse. The adjunct individual and family psycho education are recommended to this group of patients besides their routine psychiatric treatments.

Mothers with a cerebral palsy child use inefficient cognitive-emotional regulation strategies during the life they spend with a cerebral palsy child. In recent decades, widespread attention has been paid to the use of cognitive interventions to reduce the psychological problems of mothers with cerebral palsy children; therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of rational-emotional behavior therapy training on cognitive-emotional regulation strategies of mothers with a cerebral palsy child in the city of Tabriz in 2014.

This research was a quasi-experimental (pre-test - post-test with a control group) study. The statistical population included all mothers with a cerebral palsy child under the age of 12 years old in Tabriz in 2014, of whom 30 of were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to one of the experimental and control groups (15 individuals for each group). The groups completed Garnefski's Cognitive-Emotive Regulation Questionnaire (2001) for pre-test and post-test. Eight 90-minute sessions of rational-emotional behavioral therapy were performed on the experimental group, while the control group did not receive intervention. Data were analyzed using multivariate and univariate covariance analysis.

The results showed that rational-emotional behavior therapy had a significant effect on positive and negative cognitive-emotional regulation strategies in mothers with a cerebral palsy child (p= 0.001).

Given that rational-emotional behavioral therapy affects the adaptive and non-adaptive cognitive-emotional regulation strategies of mothers with a cerebral palsy child, teaching this approach is recommended as an effective interventional method to increase the use of effective strategies and reduce the dysfunctional cognitive emotional regulation strategies by mothers with a cerebral palsy child.
 

Heart diseases are among the major health problems in the world, whose complications lead to disability reduced participation in one's life. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the aspects of life in which the patient participates weakly. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the participation and autonomy of cardiovascular patients with positive angiography results.

This descriptive study was performed on 202 patients with positive angiography results in Rafsanjan in 2017. The Impact on Participation and Autonomy Scale-Persian (IPA-p) questionnaire was used to assess participation and autonomy in the patients. Independent two-sample t-tests, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, one-way ANOVAs, and multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the data.

The patients' mean score for participation was used to measure the total participation score for the questionnaire. The mean and standard deviation of the scores for participation in the questionnaire was 3.09 ± 0.66. The highest score for participation was related to social relations domain (3.63 ± 0.67), and the lowest score was obtained for Leisure domain (2.50 ± 1.00). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that the mean score for participation in females was lower than in males (B = -0.419, p = 0.036). Also, the mean score for participation in patients with a diploma and higher degrees was higher than illiterate patients (B = 0.262, p = 0.040). Furthermore, the variables explained 21.2% of the changes in the score for participation.

The results showed that patients in more than half of the domain of the IPA questionnaire had a participation level of less than 60% (a score 3 out of 5), and the Leisure domain was the weakest of all. Therefore, it is suggested that plans be developed to strengthen these domains.